Variation of the Time Course of Inducibility of Indirect Defenses According to Plant Tissue and Severity of Damage

Photo 1. Extrafloral nectar production by extrafloral nectaries located in vegetative parts (base of leaf petiole) Qualea multiflora. is mainly produced early the morning (A–C) and at night (D) attracting mutualists ants (Photo 3) that protect host plant against herbivore attack. credit: Eduardo Calixto. 2. Inflorescence multiflora (A), which also bears base each flower bud (B). When on leaves are active, occurs newly flushed leaves, inflorescences not. fully expanded, foliar cease their activity, inflorescence start to produce nectar. Denise Lange. 3. Ectatomma tuberculatum ant collecting from Note drop between its mandibles. These photographs illustrate article “Time course inducibility indirect responses an ant-defended plant” S. Calixto, Kleber Del-Claro, Lange, Judith Bronstein published Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ECY.4029